RIVER JHELUM OF INDUS RIVER SYSTEM

Indus River

• India got her name from Indus.
• ‘The Indus Valley Civilization’ was born around this river.
• It flows in north-west direction from its source (Glaciers of Kailas Range – Kailash range in Tibet near Lake Manasarovar) till the Nanga Parbhat Range.
• It’s length is about 2,900 km. Its total drainage area is about 1,165,000 square km [more than half of it lies in semiarid plains of Pakistan]. It is joined by Dhar River near Indo-China border.
• After entering J&K it flows between the Ladakh and the Zaskar Ranges. It flows through the regions of Ladakh, Baltistan and Gilgit.
• The gradient of the river in J&K is very gentle (about 30 cm per km).
• Average elevation at which the Indus flows through JK is about 4000 m above sea level.
• It is joined by the Zaskar River at Leh (these kind of points are important for prelims).
• Near Skardu, it is joined by the Shyok at an elevation of about 2,700 m.
• The Gilgit, Gartang, Dras, Shiger, Hunza are the other Himalayan tributaries of the Indus.
• It crosses the Himalayas (ends its mountainous journey) through a 5181 m deep gorge near Attock, lying north of the Nanga Parbat. It takes a sharp southerly bend here (syntaxial bend).
• Kabul river from Afghanistan joins Indus near Attock. Thereafter it flows through the Potwar plateau and crosses the Salt Range (South Eastern edge of Potwar Plateau).
• Some of the important tributaries below Attock include the Kurram, Toch and the Zhob-Gomal.
• Just above Mithankot, the Indus receives from Panjnad (Panchnad), the accumulated waters of the five eastern tributaries—the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj.
• The river empties into the Arabian Sea south of Karachi after forming a huge delta.
• FISH AND FISHERIES OF INDUS RIVER SYSTEM.
•  The major fishes in Indus are Schizopygopsis stoliczkee, L. gontius, Rita buchanani, Sisor rhabdophorm, Exostoma stolicizkae, Trichogaster sp, Nemacheilus spp.
  ii) River Jhelum
  The Jhelum originates in the south-eastern part of Kashmir, in a spring at Verinag
• . It flows into the Wular Lake, which lies to the north, and then into Baramula. 
• Only a small part of the river Jhelum flows through Jammu and Kashmir. 
• Its catchment area upto Indo-Pakistan border is 34,775 km². 
• Fish and fisheries of Jhelum .
• The common fishes found in the river Jhelum include Schizothoraichthys spp, six species of Schizothorax, Diptynchus maculatus, Cyprinus carpio, Labeo dero, Crosscheilus diplochilus, Salmo trutta fario, Glyptosternum reticulatum, Botia birdi and Nemacheilus gracilis, Nemacheilus kashmirensis.